Have You Done It or Did You Do It?

현재완료 vs 과거시제

Grammar Point 오늘의 문법

I've lost my phone. / I lost my phone yesterday.

When to use: Choosing between something connected to now and something finished in the past
지금과 연결된 일인지, 끝난 과거 일인지 구분해서 말할 때
Goal: I can choose between the present perfect and the past simple depending on the situation.
현재완료와 과거시제 중 상황에 맞는 것을 고를 수 있습니다.

Dialogue 대화문

Situation

Clark can't find his phone. His friend Taylor helps him look for it.

Clark이 휴대폰을 못 찾고 있어요. 친구 Taylor가 같이 찾아 줘요.

Clark

I've lost my phone! Have you seen it?

폰 잃어버렸어! 혹시 봤어?

Taylor

When did you last use it?

마지막으로 쓴 게 언제야?

Clark

I used it at the café an hour ago.

한 시간 전에 카페에서 썼어.

Taylor

Did you call the café?

카페에 전화해 봤어?

Clark

Yes, I called them 10 minutes ago, but they haven't found it yet.

응, 10분 전에 전화했는데 아직 못 찾았대.

Taylor

Wait, I think I've just found it. It's under your jacket!

잠깐, 방금 찾은 것 같아. 네 재킷 밑에 있어!

Grammar Focus 핵심 정리

1. Present perfect connects to now 현재완료는 지금과 연결

I've lost my phone. This means I still don't have it now. Use it when the result continues to now.

I've lost my phone.은 폰을 잃어버려서 지금도 없다는 뜻입니다. 이렇게 결과가 지금까지 이어질 때 현재완료를 씁니다.

2. Past simple is for a finished time 과거시제는 끝난 시점

I lost my phone yesterday. The time matters, and it doesn't say anything about now. Use it with yesterday, last week, in 2020, and ago.

I lost my phone yesterday.는 언제 일어났는지가 중요하고, 지금은 어떤지 말해 주지 않습니다. 그래서 yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago처럼 끝난 시점을 나타내는 말과 함께 씁니다.

3. When ...? about the past takes the past simple 과거 일을 묻는 When ...?은 과거시제

Say "When did you arrive?" Don't say "When have you arrived?" Start a conversation with the present perfect (Have you been to Jeju?), and give details in the past simple (I went there last year.).

과거 일을 물을 때는 When did you arrive?라고 하고, When have you arrived?라고 하지 않습니다. 대화는 현재완료로 시작하고(Have you been to Jeju?), 자세한 이야기는 과거시제로 이어 가요(I went there last year.).

Present perfect	Past simple
no specific time	a specific finished time
ever, never, just, yet, already	yesterday, last ..., ago, in 2020
I've been to Jeju.	I went to Jeju last year.
Have you seen it?	When did you see it?

Examples 예문

I've lost my key. I can't get in.
열쇠를 잃어버렸어요. 못 들어가요.
I lost my key last week, but I found it.
지난주에 열쇠를 잃어버렸는데 찾았어요.
Have you seen my glasses?
제 안경 봤어요?
I saw that movie two years ago.
그 영화 2년 전에 봤어요.
She has worked here since 2020.
그녀는 2020년부터 여기서 일하고 있어요.
She worked here from 2015 to 2018.
그녀는 2015년부터 2018년까지 여기서 일했어요.

Practice 빈칸 채우기

I to Bangkok in 2019.
I can't find my wallet. I think I it.
When you start learning English?
He here since last year.

Role Play 상황 연습

SITUATION

You and your teacher are talking about special experiences.

선생님과 서로의 특별한 경험을 이야기하고 있어요.

YOUR TASK

Start with Have you ever ...? and follow up with When / Where / How did ...? questions.

Have you ever ...?로 시작하고, 대답을 들으면 When / Where / How did ...?로 자세히 이어가 보세요.

TRY IT

Talk about one experience using the present perfect, then use the past simple to say when, where, and how it was.

현재완료로 경험을 하나 말하고, 이어서 과거시제로 언제, 어디서, 어땠는지 말해 보세요.

Let's Talk 선생님과 말하기

Have you ever met a famous person?
유명한 사람을 만나 본 적이 있나요?
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What's something new you've learned recently?
최근에 새로 배운 것이 있나요?
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Have you changed a lot in the last ten years?
지난 10년 동안 많이 변했나요?
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