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In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread remote and hybrid work globally. Different regions had varying levels of remote work due to factors like housing conditions, lockdown durations, and cultural attitudes towards workplace autonomy. In Asia, remote work was less common than in Europe and North America, where countries like the US, UK, and Canada had higher remote work rates.  
Housing played a role, with people in suburban areas with more spacious homes being slower to return to the office. Densely populated Asian cities had higher return-to-office rates due to limited space in small apartments.  
In areas with extended lockdowns, there were more investments in remote work infrastructure, including home offices and performance-based management. In contrast, some Asian countries effectively controlled the virus, so remote work didn't become as established.  
Cultural attitudes also influenced return-to-office patterns. American workers felt comfortable asking for flexibility, while European unions played a role in shaping return-to-office policies. Overall, the desire to return to the office is universal among business managers, but the ability to do so varies across countries.