He Said That ...
전해 말하기: said / told
Grammar Point 오늘의 문법
Dialogue 대화문
Grammar Focus 핵심 정리
1. said vs. told said와 told의 차이
Told needs a person after it: "He told me ..." Said doesn't: "She said ..." (not "She said me ..."). "She said to me ..." is possible, but "She told me ..." is much more common.
told 뒤에는 반드시 듣는 사람이 옵니다(He told me ...). said 뒤에는 사람을 바로 쓰지 않으므로(She said ...) She said me ...는 틀립니다. She said to me ...도 가능하지만 She told me ...가 훨씬 자주 쓰여요.
2. Move the tense back 시제를 한 칸 과거로
"I'm tired." → She said she was tired. / "I can come." → He said he could come. If it's still true now, you can keep the present.
"I'm tired." → She said she was tired. / "I can come." → He said he could come. 말을 전할 때는 원래 말의 시제를 한 단계 과거로 바꿉니다. 다만 지금도 사실인 내용이면 현재시제로 그대로 둬도 돼요.
3. Change the pronouns 대명사도 바꾸기
"I like your dress." → He said he liked my dress. Change I, my, and you to fit your point of view as the person reporting it. You can also drop "that."
"I like your dress." → He said he liked my dress. 말을 전하는 나의 입장에 맞게 I, my, you 같은 대명사를 바꿉니다. that은 생략해도 돼요.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
|---|---|
| "I'm busy." | She said she was busy. |
| "I work from home." | He said he worked from home. |
| "I'll call you." | She told me she would call me. |
| "I can't come." | He said he couldn't come. |
Examples 예문
- My boss said the meeting was canceled.상사가 회의가 취소됐다고 했어요.
- She told me she was moving to Busan.그녀가 저한테 부산으로 이사 간다고 했어요.
- He said he couldn't come to the party.그는 파티에 못 온다고 했어요.
- The doctor told me to drink more water.의사가 물을 더 마시라고 했어요.
- My son said he was hungry.아들이 배고프다고 했어요.
- You told me you liked spicy food!매운 음식 좋아한다고 하셨잖아요!
Practice 빈칸 채우기
- She me she was tired.Correct! 정답입니다!The answer is b) told 정답은 b) told입니다.A person ("me") comes right after, so we use "told".뒤에 사람(me)이 오므로 told가 맞습니다.
- He he was hungry.Correct! 정답입니다!The answer is b) said 정답은 b) said입니다.No person comes after, so we use "said".뒤에 사람이 없으므로 said가 맞습니다.
- "I can swim." → She said she swim.Correct! 정답입니다!The answer is b) could 정답은 b) could입니다.In reported speech, when the reporting verb is past (said), the verb after it also goes into the past. This is called the sequence of tenses: "I can swim." → She said she could swim. So the answer is could. Here could matches the time she said it; it doesn't mean she could swim only in the past. The focus is on what she said. In real conversation, people sometimes keep can when it's still true, but the nuance can change. Mom said I can go. clearly means I can go now; Mom said I could go. puts the focus on what Mom said. Keeping can isn't a serious grammar mistake and is accepted, but in a question about reported speech, the sequence of tenses is what counts, so choose could.간접화법에서는 said처럼 말을 전하는 동사가 과거일 때, 뒤에 오는 동사도 과거형으로 써 줘야 해요. 이걸 시제 일치라고 해요. "I can swim." → She said she could swim. 그래서 정답은 could예요. 여기서 과거형 could는 '그녀가 말한 시점'에 맞춘 것이지, 수영 실력이 과거에만 있었다는 뜻은 아니에요. 문장의 초점은 '그녀가 그렇게 말했다'에 있어요. 실제 대화에서는 지금도 사실인 내용이면 can을 그대로 두기도 해요. 다만 뉘앙스가 달라질 수 있어요. Mom said I can go.는 '지금 가도 된다'는 게 분명하게 들리고, Mom said I could go.는 엄마가 그렇게 말했다는 사실에 초점이 있어요. can을 그대로 쓰는 게 큰 문법 오류는 아니고 실제로 허용되지만, 간접화법을 묻는 문제에서는 시제 일치가 기준이라 could를 골라야 해요.
- "I like your shoes," he told me. → He said he liked shoes.Correct! 정답입니다!The answer is b) my 정답은 b) my입니다.He said it to me, so "your" becomes "my".그가 나에게 한 말을 내가 전하는 것이므로 your를 my로 바꿉니다.
Role Play 상황 연습
You want to tell your teacher about conversations you had today at work or home.
오늘 회사(또는 집)에서 있었던 대화를 선생님께 전하려고 해요.
Report who said what using said and told me, and also say what you said back.
누가 무슨 말을 했는지 said와 told me를 써서 전하고, 그때 내가 뭐라고 했는지도 말해 보세요.
Report three things someone said to you this week, using said and told me.
이번 주에 누군가에게 들은 말 3가지를 said / told me로 전해 보세요.
Let's Talk 선생님과 말하기
- What's something nice someone told you recently?최근에 들은 말 중에 기분 좋았던 말이 있나요?Last week, my coworker told me that I was a good listener. She said she always felt better after talking to me. It really made me happy.Click here to create your own sentence!Create
Correction ResultSubmitShow hint - What did your parents always tell you when you were young?어릴 때 부모님이 늘 하시던 말씀이 있나요?My mom always told me to be kind to others. My dad always said I should read a lot, and I still read every night.Click here to create your own sentence!CreateCorrection ResultSubmitShow hint
- Did you hear any news this week? What did people say?이번 주에 들은 소식 중 기억에 남는 것이 있나요? 사람들은 뭐라고 했나요?Yes! My friend Jimin told us she was getting married next spring. She said the wedding would be in Jeju, and everyone was so excited.Click here to create your own sentence!CreateCorrection ResultSubmitShow hint
